how much blood in the human body
These are all known that blood racing in every human body belongs to a specific blood group, and some factors divide it into four groups.
And it is all known to know how blood is needed for life, which provides physical orgasm, oxygen supply, and protection from different infections.
If not, you know that every person's body is blood from 1.2 to 1.5 gallons or half to five to five liters.
In some individuals, the amount of blood is equal to eight to 10 percent of their physical weight and this amount depends on the body of six years, while less than a child contains a cup of blood.
BLOOD:-
Blood is the fluid circulating in the vascular system of
humans and animals. Circulation through the heart, arteries, veins, and
capillaries performs various functions such as the transport of nutrients,
hormones, vitamins, heat and oxygen to tissues and the removal of waste
materials produced during metabolism and carbon dioxide. In addition, it
provides protection against infections by the action of white blood cells and
antibodies. Blood is an extremely specialized circulating tissue, which
consists of several types of cells that are held in a fluid medium called
plasma.
Blood constitutes 7% of the weight of the human body and
therefore the average adult has a total blood volume of about 5 liters, of
which 2.7 to 3 liters are plasma and the rest of its composition is the
cellular elements floating on it. Blood crosses the human body at an average
speed of 2 km / h, covering the whole blood vessel network, whose surface is
estimated at 8,000 square meters. With every pulse, the heart drives about 70
milliliters of blood in the arteries, equivalent to about 7,000 liters a day or
about 2,5 million liters a year.
The composition of the blood:-
Human blood consists of plasma (amorphous component), in
which red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended. Blood
contains gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen and also transports
small amounts of a wide variety of dissolved chemicals, including carbohydrates
(glucose), proteins, albumins, hormones, fats, and nitrogen compounds. Blood
consists of 22% of solids and 78% of water.
The actual cells and their various parts (the constituent
component) make up 45% of the volume of circulating blood. The ratio of red
blood cells to white blood cells is about 500 to 1. In a cubic millimeter of
healthy human blood there are 4 to 5 million red blood cells, 4,000 to 11,000 white
and 150 to 300 platelets. The most important of the blood-carrying albums is
hemoglobin, which is a metalloprotein with iron, contained in the red blood
cells. The function it performs on most mammals is that of transferring oxygen
from the lungs to the rest of the body and carbon dioxide from the body to the
lungs. Other blood albums confer properties such as coagulation. The various
properties of the blood groups taken into account in the transfusions also
depend on blood albumens.
Creature:-
Plasma is the largest major constituent of blood and
accounts for 55% of its volume. It is a pale yellow liquid through which blood,
proteins, and other substances are transferred. It consists of 91.5% of water,
7% of proteins, such as albumin, globulins and fibrinogen and 1.5% of other
substances such as nutrients, hormones, respiratory gases, electrolytes,
vitamins, and unhelpful nitrogenous substances.
Red blood cells:-
Red blood cells or erythrocytes (RBC) make up 38% to 48% of
whole blood. They are the most numerous cells in circulation [1] and give the
blood its characteristic red color through the hemoglobin they contain. Their
function is to keep tissues alive by bringing oxygen to the lungs and removing
carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. They have the shape of biconvex discs
of 7-micron diameter and thickness 2. They are produced by the bone marrow and
have no core while their average life is 120 days, during which they travel
1,500 kilometers as they cross the entire circulatory system. They are very elastic
cells and this property allows them to pass through the capillaries. The
percentage of red blood cells per unit volume of blood is called hematocrit.
Hemoglobin:-
Hemoglobin is a protein (albumin) compound of blood. It is
formed by two pairs of different protein chains and four prosthetic groups,
called heme. The presence of iron in these prosthetic groups, which has a high
tendency to bind to oxygen and lower to carbon dioxide, plays a determining
role. According to this, oxygen is connected to the hemoglobin in the lungs,
where a high concentration of oxygen occurs, whereby oxyhemoglobin is
generated. Thus, it is possible to transfer oxygen to the capillaries, taking
advantage of its oxyhemoglobin property to easily eliminate oxygen. Blood
saturated with oxygen and has a large amount of oxyhemoglobin called arterial
blood. This, as it reaches the fine capillaries, breaks down into hemoglobin
and oxygen and thus transfers the oxygen to the tissues. Conversely, the
deposition of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary cells is through the deposition
of carbon dioxide discharged from them, [2] to hemoglobin. This hemoglobin is
called carbhemoglobin and the blood that it contains is darker than the
arterial and is called venous. Carboxyhemoglobin breaks down in the lungs and
carbon dioxide is excreted. According to the description of this cycle, it
appears that hemoglobin is involved in the transport of oxygen to the tissues
and the removal of carbon dioxide from them and that hemoglobin exists only in
red blood cells and is essentially the one giving the blood its characteristic
color, for humans, vertebrates and some invertebrate animals.
Its blood volume is measured in grams (g) of hemoglobin per
100 cc of blood. The adult usually has average hemoglobin of 14 g / 100 cc.
A practical way to calculate the hematocrit from the hemoglobin value is by
multiplying this value by 3. The product is usually slightly less than the
actual hematocrit value. The amount of hemoglobin in the blood is an important
diagnostic method for medicine as it can give evidence of a wide range of
conditions.
WBCs:-
White blood cells, leucocytes or granulocytes (WBC) are
colorless or white-colored cells with a core. They are less than 1 percent of
the whole blood. They are spherical in shape when they are stationary while
they can be moved by reciprocal motions. Their important ability is that they
can penetrate the walls of the blood vessels and reach the connective tissue
and the lymph.
Their primary function is to protect and combat infections
by attacking and destroying harmful foreign substances. They can be directed to
areas of the organism where they are infected, such as inflammation, burns,
wounds, and they digest and eliminate phagocytosis with smaller organic
molecules. In addition, bearing enzymes can catalyze tissue, a phenomenon found
in abscesses to restore healthy tissue after a complete fight against the
disease that caused catalysis. They are formed in bone marrow myeloblasts,
spleen and lymph nodes. As a rule, they are also responsible for
histocompatibility in organ transplants, as, if there is no histocompatibility,
white blood cells "attack" the graft, treating it as a "foreign
body" and gradually causing its destruction
Platelets:-
Platelets are cellular fragments, 2-4 μm in length, which
make up less than 1 percent of whole blood. They amount to 250,000-400,000 per
cubic milligram of blood [4]. They play a key role in blood clotting and
hemostasis, ie inhibition of hemorrhage or circulation by secretion of
thrombokinase enzyme. They create the blood clotting effect, preventing blood
from leaking from the wounds. Platelets are produced by the bone marrow.
They are often referred to as thrombocytes, without this
name is correct. Thrombocytes are core cells found in all vertebrates other
than mammals.
Blood types:-
Blood types are classified in a variety of ways and their
classification plays a major role in correct blood transfusions. The most popular ranking system is the ABO blood grouping system, which was first
described in 1900 by the Austrian Biologist and Pathologist Karl Landsteiner.
According to this, the blood is divided into four groups: A, B, AB, and O. If
two incompatible blood types are mixed, red blood cells can be adhered and then
destroyed (hemolysis). This is because there are substances, adhesives, and
adhesives. Agglutinogens are found in the cell membrane of the red blood cells,
the adhesins are suspended in the plasma. Agglutination of red blood cells
occurs when homonymous adhesins appear with the corresponding rank of
coagulants (eg, agglutinin α with agglutinogen A).
The percentages of blood groups in the population of India are:
O - 44.39%
A - 37.93%
B - 12,93%
AB - 4.75%
Another basic classification system is the Rh system, [3]
according to which each of the ABO blood types is defined as either Rh-positive
or Rh-negative, depending on whether or not the red blood cells are present
called Rayes factor. Rh-positive blood is the most common as it accounts for
85% of all ABO blood groups. It helps to coagulate the blood in the event of an injury so as to prevent large blood loss.
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